Quiz — A History of Thermodynamics and Calorimetry

Question 1

What did caloric theory, which prevailed at the end of the eighteenth century, maintain?

Accepted Answer

Heat is a conserved material fluid that flows from hot to cold.

Question 2

Which experiment contradicted caloric theory?

Accepted Answer

Rumford's observation of cannon boring: friction produces an apparently unlimited amount of heat.

Question 3

In 1824, Carnot established the formula for maximum efficiency η = 1 - T_f/T_c.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 4

In the relation Q = m c ΔT identified by Joseph Black, what does the coefficient c represent?

Accepted Answer

The quantity of heat that must be supplied per unit mass of the body to raise its temperature by one degree.

Question 5

In modern units, what is the value of the calorie as measured by Joule?

Accepted Answer

Approximately 4,18 J per calorie

Question 6

A food package displays “250 kcal”. Approximately how many joules does this represent?

Accepted Answer

≈ 1046 kJ

Question 7

Calorimetry is the science of measuring quantities of heat exchanged between systems.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 8

An ice cube of mass m at 0°C is heated to liquid water at 20°C. Let L be the specific latent heat of fusion, c_water and c_ice the specific heat capacities of liquid water and ice, and ΔT = 20°C. Which expression gives the total heat received Q?

Accepted Answer

Q = m L + m c_water ΔT

Question 9

When liquid water freezes, it releases heat to its surroundings.

Accepted Answer

True